Cumulonimbus clouds, or thunderstorm clouds, can produce severe levels of turbulence and structural damage to planes. The FAA recommneds not flying closer than 20 miles from these clouds.
Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology: EUREC4A—an international field study to test hypothesized cloud controlling factors influencing weather and climate
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This is curiosity question for anyone who works in/knows a lot about aviation. How do thunderstorms affect turbulence when you're flying over them? I'm surprised to see “large and medium thunderstorms” in
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